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"Idiomatic" means that the combination of the words has a meaning that is different than what you may expect from the individual components. Challenge #5: Phrasal Verbs are Often Idiomatic The car broke on the side of the road down. The car broke down on the side of the road.īut the sentences below are generally viewed as incorrect. We'll save those details for another post, but just know that those rules can produce sentences like the following: The rules for separation depend on whether the verb has a direct object and whether the direct object is a pronoun. Some phrasal verbs can be separated and allow other words to appear between the parts, while others are non-separable and need to stay together. You've probably noticed that they don't always appear this way, though. The car broke down on the side of the road. When all the pieces of a phrasal verb appear together, it looks almost like a one-word verb: This can make it really easy to confuse phrasal verbs and say something that doesn't mean what you intend. Put on, take on, come on, hit on, throw on, etc. We also have many phrasal verbs that use the same particles: For example, we have several with the main verb come:Ĭome in, come up, come out, come on, come back, come down with, etc. Many phrasal verbs have similar constructions. One study found that frequently-used phrasal verbs had an average of 5.6 meanings (Gardner and Davies, 2007). So, if you want to study a list of 20 phrasal verbs, that means you actually have over 100 definitions to learn! Challenge #3: They Look Similar to Each Other When you look up phrasal verbs in the dictionary, you'll often find a long list of meanings. Challenge #2: They Have Multiple Meanings In this context, "run up" means "greatly increase" as in "My friend ordered too many appetizers and really ran up the bill." Since these two sentences look very similar, though, it can be hard to recognize that a phrasal verb is being used if you aren't familiar with that verb.
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In the second sentence, the phrasal verb "run up" is used. In the first sentence, the main verb is "run," and the phrase "up the hill" describes where they ran. (verb + prepositional phrase "up the hill") away, etc.), but they behave as part of the verb and not as prepositions or adverbs. Put up with = put (main verb) + up (particle 1) + with (particle 2) Phrasal verbs can be hard to recognize since they are composed of two or more components, a main verb + one or more particles.īreak down = break (main verb) + down (particle) In this article, we'll review those challenges, offer some tips to help you handle them, and share activities and resources for helping you improve your mastery of these verbs. Your approach and the phrasal verbs you choose to cover should be based on your students, textbooks, and other course material.Phrasal verbs (like look up and find out) present many challenges to non-native English speakers. Another approach may be to choose phrases that use the same second word as they may be less easily confused. An example of phrasal verbs you might want to introduce together are back down, back up, and back out because they all start with the same word and include a direction related word. A variety of practice activities are also important so that students can demonstrate their thorough understanding of the material. By introducing only a small number of similar phrasal verbs at a time you will greatly improve the chance that your students will retain the information.
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Phrasal verbs are an important part of the English language but something that students may struggle to learn and understand. That is a lot of useful information! If you are looking for a practice activity instead, check out other worksheets to find something your students might enjoy. It has twenty pages of phrasal verbs to choose from as well as definitions and examples for each one. You do not want to overwhelm your students with a long list of phrasal verbs but if you are interested in talking about some of them in class, this phrasal verbs worksheet is a great teaching resource. There are currently 182 worksheets that deal with this topic and can help your students practice using related material.
LIST OF PHRASAL VERBS BY TOPIC FULL
This is the phrasal verbs section of Busy Teacher, a website full of resources for ESL teachers.